Good Practice Physics Examples

HONORS PHYSICS CH. 14 WAVE PRACTICE PROBLEMS 1. The period of a wave is 0. 0300 seconds. It travels at a velocity of 10. 0 m/s. Determine the frequency and the wavelength. 2. A wave having a wavelength of 4. 0 meters and an amplitude of 2. 5 meters travels a distance of 24 meters in 8. 0 seconds. Determine the frequency and the period of the wave. 3. While hiking through a canyon, Noah Formula lets out a scream. An echo (reflection of the scream off a nearby canyon wall) is heard 0. 82 seconds after the scream.The speed of the sound wave in air is 342 m/s. Calculate the distance from Noah to the nearby canyon wall. 4. Mac and Tosh are resting on top of the water near the end of the pool when Mac creates a surface wave. The wave travels the length of the pool and back in 25 seconds. The pool is 25 meters long. Determine the speed of the wave. 5. An automatic focus camera is able to focus on objects by use of an ultrasonic sound wave. The camera sends out sound waves that reflect off d istant objects and return to the camera.A sensor detects the time it takes for the waves to return and then determines the distance an object is from the camera. The camera lens then focuses at that distance. Now that's a smart camera! In a subsequent life, you might have to be a camera; so try this problem for practice: If a sound wave (speed = 340 m/s) returns to the camera 0. 150 seconds after leaving the camera, then how far away is the object? 6. Find the wavelength of a 680-Hz tone in air, where the wave speed is 340 m/s. 7. Imagine a hiker camping in the mountains.Just before going to sleep he yells, â€Å"WAKE UP,† and the sound echoes off the nearest mountain, returning 8 h later. How far away is that mountain? 8. Harriet is told by her doctor that her heart rate is 70. 0 beats per minute. If Harriet’s average blood flow in the aorta during systole is 1. 5 x 10 -2 m/s, what is the wavelength of the waves of blood in Harriet’s aorta, created by her beati ng heart? 9. While flying to Tucson, Connie’s plane experiences turbulence that causes the coffee in her cup to oscillate back and forth 4 times each second.If the waves of coffee have a wavelength of 0. 1 m, what is the speed of a wave moving through the coffee? 10. Danielle is pushing her twin Dexter on a swing that hangs from a tree branch by 2. 0-m-long ropes. With what frequency will Danielle have to push Dexter when he swings? 11. In California, Clay is surfing on a wave that propels him toward the beach with a speed of 5. 0 m/s. The wave crests are each 20. m apart. A. What is the frequency of the water wave? B. What is the period?

English Torts Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English Torts Law - Essay Example The defendant is required under English Torts Law on negligence to compensate the claimant by payment of damages or fine or by heeding an injunction as duly determined by the court. This should effectively deter people from being careless in the conduct of their duties. In a way this intends to enforce a standard of behaviour, to protect the life, welfare, and interest of unwilling victims of another person’s act of negligence. This principle on negligence is not new. In Bible times, the Divine Law dictates that a man could be deemed guilty by his negligence: â€Å"In case you build a new house, you must also make a parapet for your roof that you may not place bloodguilt upon your house because someone falling might fall from it.† –Deuteronomy 22:8, The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. Negligence Defined "Negligence  is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of hum an affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. The defendants might have been liable for negligence, if, unintentionally, they omitted to do that which a reasonable person would have done, or did that which a person taking reasonable precautions would not have done." (Blyth v. Birmingham Water Works English Torts Law on Negligence The Torts Law particularly on negligence has its own precedence from the Divine Law itself. Negligence is one of those torts in which damage must be proved. Once a breach of duty has been established, the claimant must therefore also show that the breach has resulted in injury or damage (the causation issue) and that the injury or damage is sufficiently closely connected to the breach (the remoteness issue). The Tort of Negligence developed in 1932 beginning with the case of Donoghue v Stevenson which established the Duty of Care owed by manufacturers to end consumers. The following elements must be established to warrant the claim of negligence: 1. There must be a Duty of Care between the claimant and the defendant. 2. A clear breach in the Duty of Care is established. 3. Such breach resulted to some damage to the claimant. 4. There is no applicable defence to the defendant. Duty of Care In the first negligence case (Donoghue v Stevenson), Lord Atkin spoke of the backbone of the duty of care known as the neighbour principle by saying that defendant must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which can be reasonably foreseen would possibly injure a neighbour, one who would closely or directly be affected by any acts or omissions. Lord Atkins stated that: â€Å"You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be - persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected w hen I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question†. The case of Caparo Industries plc v Dickman in 1990 gave rise to the Caparo three-way test, which is the modern day test for determining duty of care: 1. It is reasonably foreseeable that the claimant may be harmed by the defendant’s failure to observe reasonable care. 2. The relationship of the claimant and the defendant indicates a sufficient relationship of proximity or remoteness. 3. It is fair, just and reasonable to impose on the defendant a duty of care towards the claimant. In 1934 Lord Wright said: â€Å"In strict legal analysis, negligence means more than heedless or careless conduct, whether in omission or commission:

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Change Management - Essay Example The first stage involves creating a sense of urgency and advocating for change through strong leadership. Kotter advises organizations to hire new leaders or designate change champions who act as the driving force of change (Kotter, 1996, P. 125). The second stage is the engagement of senior managers in the implementation of change. Senior managers form a guiding coalition which is committed to excellence through renewal. This coalition exists outside normal hierarchy and is guided through efforts and the commitment of the top management. The next stage is the creation of a vision by the guiding coalition. The vision is a guiding strategy that clarifies the direction which the organisation intends to take. The ideal vision is brief and concise (Kotter, 1996, P. 125). The fourth step is communicating the vision through newsletters and speeches. If downsizing is part of the vision, new growth possibilities and commitment to fair treatment of those who are laid off is critical. Executives should constantly use the existing communication channels to broadcast the vision. The next stage involves removing of obstacles to change such obstacles include constraints in the compensation or performance appraisal systems and a rigid organizational structure. It is important for the appraisal and reward system to be consistent with the vision (Kotter, 1996, P. 125; (Wilson, 1999, P. 57)). The transformation process should accommodate short-term wins. As such, the process should set short-term goals to be met and celebrated. Managers should actively design ways to obtain performance improvements and to achieve objectives with the people involved being rewarded and celebrated. Victory is not attained until the changes are embedded in the organisation culture. Rather than declaring victory managers should use the milestones achieved by short-term gains to tackle bigger challenges (Kotter, 1996,

Preserve the luxury or extend the brand Case Study

Preserve the luxury or extend the brand - Case Study Example ?s fellow grand cru classà © owners complained about the nà ©gociants’ margins whom Gaspard accepted because they have a ready buyer even in their bad years. What Gaspard missed is that their brand had been classified by de Vallois had in 1855 as a Premier Grand Cru Classà © (First Growth) making their brand already saleable at a commanding price even without a nà ©gociant who would readily buy it. Sticking to their two brands, this may not be enough to secure the chateau in the long run because new wine makers with cheaper wine are already coming in the market. These new competitors’ offer an alternative to their products that could shrink their market share and pose a real threat to Gaspard’s business. Gaspard must adapt to the new realities in the wine industry. Extending the brand has many advantages. First, Gaspard can widen their market share to include the younger market who could not afford their high end wines. This market is already a captured market and there is a greater probability that they would come to them when they are ready to purchase high end wines. Second, Gaspard has the advantage of being classified by de Vallois had in 1855 as a Premier Grand Cru Classà © which they could use in marketing their branded wines. Claire was right, they could either buy grapes or land and mention that its either ‘Bordeaux origin’ or that the de Vallois team is in charge of making it in case they would buy cheaper lands abroad to grow grapes. This option will not harm the brand of Gaspard’s premiere wine because they will not be mixed up. In fact, the de Vallois brand can complement the upcoming branded wine by suggesting quality and class by association. In addition, these branded wines can easily adapt to the changing tastes of the younger market and make the most profit by catering to what they want. When this younger market can already afford the high end wines, they can also graduate to the Vallois team’s high end wine. True there is

MicroL16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MicroL16 - Essay Example Still, it seems likely to be a reasonable assumption to help understand market behavior. Industries in which there are many producers and in which it is difficult to differentiate between goods from individual producers, baking potatoes for example, it is likely that assuming the market is perfectly competitive can yield a reasonably accurate understanding of the way the market works. For markets, however, in which there are a limited number of producers and in which the costs to enter the market are high, or where the government restricts entry, it does not seem a reasonable assumption. Electric power, for instance, is often only available within a community from a single commercial producer. While there may be some alternatives available to consumers, such as buying their own generators or banks of solar cells, for all but the most committed, the price of these alternatives is so high as to make them non-viable. Clearly, for a market like this, assuming competitive behavior is not reasonable. 2. Profits. In a competitive market in long term equilibrium, no firm can make an â€Å"economic profit†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, have revenues in excess of costs, including â€Å"normal profit.† This is because economic profit will provide an incentive to other firms to enter the marketplace, shifting the industry supply curve and driving down the price until there is no longer an economic profit. In the short term, a firm may enjoy economic profits in the following three ways. The first way is when a firm might innovate in a way that drives down its costs of production. While other firms work to catch up, the innovative firm can enjoy economic profit. The second way is when a firm might innovate in a way that favorably differentiates its product from others, again allowing it to earn economic profit while other firms worked to match it. The third way is when an external event occurs, such as perhaps the introduction of a new complementary good, which might shift t he demand curve for the good in question, allowing the entire industry to experience short term economic profits until more firms were able to enter the market and increase supply. 3. Shutdown point for a firm. In the short run, a firm should keep operating as long as its average variable costs are less than the price of its product. This is because total revenue will cover the variable costs. Since, in the short run, fixed costs are not avoidable they should not be considered. In the long run, the firm cannot continue to operate at a loss. This means that a firm should shut down and leave the industry if, over the long run, average total costs will exceed price. 4. Long-Run Cost Curve, Economies of Scale and Firm Size. A firm is enjoying economies of scale when long-run (i.e., all inputs variable) average costs decrease as the number of units produced by the firm increases. As demand for the product increases, a firm in this position is likely to be able to meet the additional dema nd at a lower cost than a new firm entering the market, providing the existing firm with a competitive advantage. To the degree the firms in an industry experience economies of scale, there will likely be fewer firms (i.e., increased concentration) then there would in an industry where firms were experiencing decreased returns to scale Taken to the extreme, an existing firm with a continuously declining long-run cost curve would be in a

Letter to the editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Letter to the editor - Essay Example In essence, the tax forced energy raise in energy prices and also costs job. Many businesses have to strain their resources and change business operation techniques to compete well in the marketplace. In essence, exaggerated carbon taxes have been attributed the rapid lose of competitiveness of Australian products in the global market. This is especially due to an increase in the product prices to be able to cover the production costs emanating from the introduction of the high carbon tax. On commencement of the carbon tax, Australian carbon prices tripled those of the European countries. The European Emission Trading Schemes generates $23 million as compared to $77.3 million per week in Australia. As such, Australian exports are higher in prices. These high taxes increases the cost of production and the weight laid on consumers who in turn consume fewer products. The ACCC (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission) find it tricky to monitor prices or take action against organizations that try to exploit consumers or other business by charging unjustly high prices. Notably, businesses and households use price signal as an explanation for lowered consumption of particular products. According to statistics, consumers are likely to turn to using up cheaper imports. This has built uncertainty for investment; hence, companies prone to emission of carbon will be afraid to invest further considering the high tax payment. This also renders high competition from other energy plants. As a result, some industries will end up withdrawing from business; hence, an economic downturn. From above perspective, the controversial carbon policy is both beneficial and detrimental. In line with the set standards on climate change in the Kyoto Protocol, Australia must be committed to trimming down the emission of greenhouse gases. However,

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America Essay

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America - Essay Example CON: U.S is losing the drug war in Latin America 1. U.S government has failed to re-evaluate her strategy to fight the drug menace. 2. The war fight largely focuses on the users and therefore leaves the other partners in the trade to thrive well in the trade. 3. There is no concrete drug enforcement mechanism to restrict the production of drugs. 4. The affordability and cheap processing makes it difficulty to wipe drugs out of Latin America. 5. A lot of resistance from human rights organization derails the efforts to do away with the drugs. The U.S will to control drug trafficking and abuse in Latin America confirms that it is very committed to wipe the drugs from these region. To begin with, since 1960s, the government has invested a lot of her efforts and attention to wage war on drug trade in Latin America. Regan and Bush declared war on drugs in U.S and Latin America when they occupied their presidential offices. The Bush successor; Bin Clinton continued with the worth fight on d rugs when he came into power in 19931. Since then, the U.S government has been strong on the war on drugs in Latin America. The U.S government recently got a support from Latin countries such as Mexico, Cuba, and Columbia. For instance, president of Mexico, Calderon has been in the forefront to combat drugs in the country2. Since he took office in 2006, he has made leaps towards the drugs war. For example, his government has formulated policies to deal with the consumers and traders of illicit drugs. These efforts have paid handsomely because the consumption of drugs has subsided. Obama’s government is in talks with Latin America Governments. Biden’s trip in 2012 to Latin America shows that the government has given negotiations a favorable chance. Biden was seeking to discuss on how leaders in that region can decriminalize drugs with an aim to stop its trade. Second, the new laws are in formulation stages. Policy analyst have advocated for a change in the current polic ies to allow U.S to win war on drugs. Arguably, their insights will provide new strategies to curb drugs trafficking in Latin America and U.S. The medical professionals have suggested programs to treat the drug victims. In addition, the social advocates suggests, that creation of awareness about dangers of engaging in drugs is the way to go. All these concerted efforts promise a win in the war on drugs in Latin America3. Third, the debates on drugs have attracted a lot of public interest. The Latin and the U.S population feel that drug consumption is not socially acceptable. They propose tough punishments for the growers, manufacturers, suppliers, and sellers. The public warns of the dangers of permitting drugs to get into the society. They provide a procedure, which can deter the abuse of drugs. The public suggests that, through identification, imprisonment, and persecution, the war can yield fruits4. Moreover, the drug user will be accountable for their actions. Implementation is now happening in the Latin America. This is a huge step towards gaining victory in the drug war. The increase of funds through budgetary allocation to fight drug abuse demonstrates U.S readiness to see the better end of the war. There has been a significant attention on the budget to allocate enough money in the drug war. In 1990, U.S budget on drugs was at $ 9.7 billion. This almost doubled in 2000 when it hit $ 17.7 billion mark. On top of this, the Drug Enforcement Administration department staffed